Research/News - 2011
ART Use Can Prevent HIV Transmission to Uninfected Partner
Aug 04, 2011
NIAID study HPTN 052 released early results due to overwhelming success in prevention of HIV transmission among serodiscordant couples. Those HIV-infected individuals that started ART immediately were overwhelmingly more likely to not transmit HIV to the uninfected partner... Read More
Prevention of Perinatal HIV Among Injection Drug Users in the Ukraine
Aug 04, 2011
The Ukraine European Collaborative Study Group followed a cohort of women from 2000-2010 in seven HIV centers in the Ukraine. Comparison of injection drug users (IDUs) with non-IDU women showed lower rates of adherence to HAART, poorer clinical outcomes, and higher rates... Read More
HAART During Antenatal Period for Prevention of MTCT in Low Resource Settings
Aug 03, 2011
Duration of HAART during pregnancy has been shown to be most effective in preventing perinatal transmission at a length of at least 13 weeks. Women who were administered HAART for 4 weeks or less had five times the odds of perinatal transmission than those starting at... Read More
HIV Infection in Only One Infant of Dizygotic Twins
Aug 02, 2011
This case study involves dizygotic twins that are discordant for HIV-infection. Mother's viral load 4 weeks prior to delivery was 2140. Mother received IV AZT during labor and infants received AZT, nevirapine, and 3TC. Twin A was homozygous at two HLA loci, while Twin B... Read More
PrEP to Prevent HIV During Conception
Jul 31, 2011
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should be considered as an option for serodiscordant couples wishing to conceive since most other options (sperm washing and artifical insemination for example) are not viable options for most couples. Especially in countries where HIV is... Read More
Cost-effectiveness of Perinatal HIV Prevention in Low Resource Setting
Jul 31, 2011
Implementation of WHO recommendations for extended triple therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding would result in approximately 7700 less cases of perinatal HIV transmission each year in Nigeria. This would result in a cost savings despite the increased cost of... Read More
Why Women Decline Rapid HIV Test at Delivery
Jul 31, 2011
Women with an undocumented HIV status at time of labor who declined a rapid HIV test via informed consent were more likely to have had prenatal care than those who consented. This declination may result from a prior offer of HIV testing during routine prenatal care or... Read More
ARVs and Impact on HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children
Jul 31, 2011
Recommendations for ARV use during pregnancy and breastfeeding in low resource settings has created a large population of HIV-exposed and ARV -exposed children. While the positive impact of prevention of perinatal HIV through use of ARVs is obvious, and short-term impacts... Read More
In Utero Exposure to HAART and Subsequent Cardiac Effects
Jul 31, 2011
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute CHAART-1 study found that in utero exposure to antiretroviral therapy to prevent perinatal HIV transmission had lasting outcome on HIV-negative infants, including impairment of myocardial growth among others. These findings... Read More
Life Sciences Special Issue on Drug Abuse and Prevention of Perinatal HIV
Jul 31, 2011
This special issue contains numerous articles on the impact of drug abuse on perinatal HIV transmission in both low resource and high resource settings. Original Articles (subscription may be required)